1 Enoch is henotheistic in that it depicts a populated spiritual cosmos—many powerful divine beings under one supreme God—and this worldview resonated strongly with Second Temple Judaism and early Christianity, where belief in divine councils, angelic rebellion, and an exalted Son of Man enthroned beside God was normal and the book was widely valued. After the destruction of the Temple, however, rabbinic Judaism moved toward strict monotheism, rejecting the older “two powers in heaven” theology that Enoch openly presents, and later Trinitarian theology similarly made Enoch uncomfortable, since its clear portrayal of distinct heavenly powers did not align with the metaphysical unity demanded by creedal formulations. As a result, what was once celebrated gradually became marginalized, likely not because it lacked authority, but because its cosmology no longer fit the doctrinal frameworks of those shaping canon and theology.
