1. OT & SECOND TEMPLE JUDAISM — HENOTHEISTIC COSMOS
• YHWH supreme among other divine beings
• Divine council, angels, Satan, powers
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2. JESUS & PAUL (30–60 CE) — GOSPEL WITHIN HENOTHEISM
• Jesus as exalted heavenly being
• Cosmic powers real
• No strict monotheism
• Paul: “Another gospel = ANATHEMA”
• John: “Deny the Son = ANTICHRIST”
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3. EARLY CHRISTIANS CONTINUE HENOTHEISM (70–120 CE)
• Binitarian patterns
• ‘Two Powers in Heaven’ still acceptable
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4. RABBINIC JUDAISM SUPPRESSES HENOTHEISM (120–200 CE)
• Declares “Two Powers” heresy
• Establishes strict monotheism
• Directly counters Christian claims
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5. CHRISTIANS UNDER PRESSURE (180–300 CE)
• Accused of ditheism (“two gods”)
• Must defend monotheism
• Subordinationism increasingly rejected
• Start redefining Jesus’ status
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6. FORMATION OF TRINITARIAN DOCTRINE (325–381 CE)
• Son = same essence as the Father
• Spirit added as third person
• New strict-monotheistic structure emerges
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7. FINAL RESULT: TRINITARIAN GOSPEL
• Substantively different from Paul & John’s henotheistic gospel
• Falls under their own ANATHEMA / ANTICHRIST warnings
